Humanity will survive this but everyone will suffer the effects. Even something relatively minor like COVID had great effects to the global economy, but with these we are talking about:
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Weather inestabilization, with greater storms and massive heat waves.
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General crop failures in many places of the world.
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Desertification in many areas.
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Massive migration waves.
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Very difficult and unstable economy.
We are starting to see some of this, but 2050 onwards is going to be a very difficult time for all humanity except the most wealthy.
None, in modern context we can work in any base we desire, all that basic stuff got generalized ages ago. No one is going to change computing systems to use babylonian-style. And the trigonometry stuff is the same thing we knew, but discovered earlier than the greeks.
It’s a important discovery for sure, especially for our understanding of ancient Mesopotamian cultures, but everything else is the authors and the article going bananas with conclusions.